Through study on strata, structure, magmatic rocks and distribution and characteristics of mineral resources in Ethiopia, it is regarded that: ① the degree of geological research in Ethiopia is generally low, especially basic geology, mineralization and mineralization rule are urgently needed to be studied. ② stratigraphic units can be divided into three categories, namely the Precambrian basement rocks, late Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Tertiary-Quaternary volcanic sedimentary rocks. Tectonic structures locate in the eastern African orogenic belt in the "universal Africa tectonic belt" with strong multi-stage magmatic activities. ③Major mineral resources occurred in Precambrian metamorphic rock areas are gold, platinum, rare metals, nickel, copper, iron, chromium, kaolin, feldspar, clay, asbestos, talc, marble, granite, etc., while mineral resources in Mesozoic sedimentary areas are limestone, sandstone, gypsum, clay, oil and gas resources. Mineral resources in Cenozoic volcanic rocks area are lignite, opal, oil shale, laterite iron ore, bentonite, clay mineral, perlite, diatomite, potash, stone salt, oil and gas and geothermal resources.