Shidao Bay sea area is an important bay in the northwest of the Yellow Sea and a key node for trade between the Bohai Rim Economic Circle and Northeast Asia with significant geographical advantages. Through shallow profile measurement, multi beam water depth measurement and geological drilling, combining with historical geological data, seabed topography, shallow geological structure and disaster geological characteristics of the study area have been analyzed and studied. It is indicated that the overall seabed terrain in the study area is relatively flat, with little variation in slope fluctuations. The main landform type is submarine plain. The shallow geological structure is divided into two stratigraphic units. Su1 is a wedgeshaped sedimentary body of the Holocene, which is formed during the period of sea level rise in Holocene and has a relatively stable sedimentary environment. Su2 is a terrestrial sedimentary layer formed during the Last Glacial Maximum. The main geological factors of disasters are wedgeshaped mudstone sedimentary bodies, buried ancient river channels, and shallow buried undulating bedrock.