As a province with abundant mineral resources, due to long-term dewatering and drainage of underground mining pits, frequent geological and environmental problems in mining areas and surrounding areas happened in Shandong province. Through water use investigation of key mines in the coal mine distribution area in southwest, central and eastern Shandong provice, the quality of mine water and the resulting environmental effects have been found out. It is showed that long term underground dewatering and drainage in mines have led to a significant decrease in groundwater levels in the mining area and its surrounding areas, formed a large scale dewatering funnel centered on the mine, and induced environmental effects, such as depletion of shallow groundwater resources, structural damage to groundwater aquifers, and deterioration of water quality. Mine water is not suitable as drinking water for daily life. It has practical value in agriculture, fisheries, industry and other fields. Coal mines and gold mines have relatively poor water quality compared to iron mines, and some coal mine water irrigation areas have a higher risk of soil pollution. Certain safety coutermeasures should be carried out for utilization. The research results will provide a scientific basis for rational development and utilization of mine water, solving water scarcity and mine water environmental pollution, and achieving the coordinated and unified development of mineral resources and the environment.