In order to reveal accumulation patterns and the evolutionary trends of associated environmental risks of heavy metals in surface soil of Wulian county in Shandong province, based on geochemical survey datasets in 2008 and 2018, by using descriptive statistical analysis, accumulation rate calculation and comparative evaluation of geochemical maps, the variations in concentration ranges and magnitudes of heavy metal elements in surface soil over a 10 year period have been analyzed. It is indicated that the soil heavy metals in the research area show a general accumulation trend, accumulation rates of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn is obvious. Cu has the widest range of amplification, and Hg has the strongest amplification intensity. Main controlling factors are mining and high geological background. By calculating the accumulation rate of heavy metals in the soil, it is predicated that by 2028, the content of heavy metal elements in the surface soil of the study area will increase to varying degrees. Among them, the environmental quality degradation of Cd element is the most significant, while Pb and Zn will form a slight risk area around Hubu town and Songbai town. The soil environmental quality level will correspondingly decrease, and relevant departments should pay more attention to it.