The secondary development and utilization of physical geological data is of great significance in the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategy. Regional geochemical prospecting work carried out since 1978 has made great achievements in prospecting, and millions of stream sediment subsamples and related geological data have been preserved. In this paper, present condition and secondary development and utilization of geological data of stream sediments have been discussed, and the directions of secondary development and utilization of geological data of stream sediments have been analyzed. The national regional geochemical exploration database has been built, and basic data has been digitized. A series of physical geological data management standards have been formulated. Povincial physical geological data databases have been built, and classification, screening and management at different levels have been implemented. Stream sediment sub-samples have been preserved in a standard manner. New prospecting theories and methods have been applied to original stream sediment data to obtain new prospecting knowledge. By using large instruments and analytical methods, strategic key metal elements, such as rare earth elements, rare metals, scattered elements, platinum group, and precious metal elements have been retested. It will provide great assistance in the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategy. In the next step, the innovative research on original data with new theories and new methods should be strengthened. By means of interdisciplinary approaches, artificial intelligence technologies and mature analysis methods, regional geochemical scanning surface stream sediment geological data should be fully leveraged. It will promote the development of geological prospecting, basic geological research, health geology and ecological environment assessment.