The mantle derived peridotite xenoliths carried by the Cenozoic basalt/porphyry provide a key window for revealing the evolution of lithospheric mantle in the northwest margin of the Tarim Craton. In this paper, petrological characteristics, mineral chemical composition, attribute ages and multi-stage metasomatism processes of mantle peridotite xenoliths continuously exposed from within the basin to the southwestern Tianshan orogenic belt have been reviewed. It is showed that lithospheric mantle in the northwest margin of Tarim craton has moderate refractory to full-bodied properties, and show atypical Archean cratonic mantle characteristics. Its formation and evolution are controlled by the superposition and transformation of Neoproterozoic subduction, late Paleozoic mantle plume activity, and Cenozoic Eurasian collision. The comprehensive analysis of in-situ mineral main and trace elements, whole rock geochemistry, platinum group element distribution, and Re Os isotope system reveals that the accretionary remelting metasomatism process of the cratonic mantle is a comprehensive response to the cumulative effects of mantle plumes and convergence events.